Optimal Participation in Grid Frequency Control through Virtual Synchronous Generator

نوع: Type: thesis

مقطع: Segment: masters

عنوان: Title: Optimal Participation in Grid Frequency Control through Virtual Synchronous Generator

ارائه دهنده: Provider: Farhad Farahani Alavi

اساتید راهنما: Supervisors: Dr. Mohamad Amin Ghasemi

اساتید مشاور: Advisory Professors:

اساتید ممتحن یا داور: Examining professors or referees: Dr. Moradi - Dr. Hatami

زمان و تاریخ ارائه: Time and date of presentation: 30 july 2023

مکان ارائه: Place of presentation: Seminar Bargh

چکیده: Abstract: Today, due to the environmental challenges caused by the use of fossil fuels to produce electrical energy as well as economic incentives, the energy sector is moving to an era where a large share of electrical energy demand will be met through renewable energy sources. Therefore, various governments and companies are looking forward to expand the share of renewable energy sources in the production of needed energy. To expand the exploitation of these resources, a platform for their integration is necessary. Microgrids are a platform for integrating these resources into networks. Despite the advantages of operating microgrids based on renewable energies, there are also challenges in this way. One of the most important of these challenges is the changing nature of the power of renewable sources such as solar and wind energy, which increases the possibility of imbalance in production and consumption power and frequency changes. Another challenge is the inherent low inertia of these sources; Due to the fact that these sources are generally based on power electronic devices, unlike synchronous generators in traditional power plants, they do not create enough inertia for the grid, and the sensitivity of the grid frequency to the occurrence of power imbalances in the grid increases. Therefore, controlling the frequency of microgrids becomes a more serious challenge than it was in traditional grids. Energy storage systems such as batteries are the dominant solution to overcome these challenges, which, in addition to participating in the primary frequency control and frequency recovery, can be used as virtual synchronous generators and provide enough inertia for the grid and reduce the frequency sensitivity of the grid; A topic that has been the subject of a large part of research in recent years in the field of power systems. One of the most important researches is the optimal use of these batteries, which is also considered as the subject of this thesis, and it has been tried to achieve the lowest cost (the most profit) for the owners of these systems by optimally using these systems while meeting the requirements of the grid. In this thesis, an optimal strategy for the coordinated participation of multiple batteries in primary frequency control and providing virtual inertia is proposed, by defining the concept of average virtual inertia. Considering that various parameters such as battery charge status, inverter size, electricity sale price and the amount of initial power reserve and guaranteed inertia as well as the operation strategy in the optimal system are effective in order to participate in frequency control, the function Optimization is defined by considering all effective factors and operational limitations. In the following, taking into consideration the proposed operation strategy and past frequency information of the network such as the number, magnitude and durability of past frequency events of the network, problem solving and optimization of system parameters have been done. The result of this optimization was to determine the optimal values for the size of the inverter, guaranteed initial inertia and storage, battery charging status, etc. to maximize the owner's profit. The simulation and optimization results show that the proposed optimal strategy, which is a scheduling-operating strategy, can effectively use the battery to control the primary frequency and provide virtual inertia at the same time and improve its economic benefits. Key Words: microgrids, virtual synchronous generator, batterie energy storage systems, optimal_operation-pllaning, primary frequency control, virtual inertia

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