Assessment of Virtual Water Trade Related to Construction Materials Between Iran and Other Countries Over the Last Two Decades (2001-2021)

نوع: Type: thesis

مقطع: Segment: masters

عنوان: Title: Assessment of Virtual Water Trade Related to Construction Materials Between Iran and Other Countries Over the Last Two Decades (2001-2021)

ارائه دهنده: Provider: Uriah Esmaeilpour

اساتید راهنما: Supervisors: Dr. Seyed Mahdi Hosseinian

اساتید مشاور: Advisory Professors:

اساتید ممتحن یا داور: Examining professors or referees: Dr. Javad Taheri Nezhad - Dr. Mostafa Moghadasi

زمان و تاریخ ارائه: Time and date of presentation: 2024

مکان ارائه: Place of presentation: Faculty of Engineering

چکیده: Abstract: Water is the essence of life and one of the most crucial natural resources for the development and advancement of human societies. Although water is abundant and renewable on Earth, the amount of usable/accessible water for humans is limited. After agriculture, industry is considered the second-largest consumer of water in the country, and among various industries, the cement industry is one of the most significant water consumers in Iran's industry. Therefore, evaluating the direct and indirect (virtual) water consumption and identifying its sub-sectors in cement production and trade can play a vital role in reducing consumption and ultimately in determining the macro water management policies in the country's industry. In this thesis, the water footprint of cement production in a factory located in central Iran during the years 2018 to 2020 has been examined. Additionally, the virtual water trade of cement from the mentioned factory through exports to regional countries during the years 2016 to 2022 has been evaluated. According to the results obtained, the water footprint intensity of cement production in the factory for the years 2018 to 2020 is respectively 2.79, 2.90, and 3.07 cubic meters of water per ton of cement produced. Among the sub-sectors of water consumption in cement production, fuel oil and natural gas in the energy sector have the largest share, accounting for about 60% of the water consumed in cement production. In the trade sector, for the export of each ton of cement produced by the specified factory in the years 2016 and 2017, 0.92 and 0.91 cubic meters of water were consumed, respectively. Additionally, the water footprint intensity of national trade (exports) during the years 2016 to 2022 was 0.14, 0.17, 0.18, 0.25, 0.27, 0.28, and 0.26 cubic meters of water per ton of cement produced, respectively. In other words, for each kilometer traveled for the export of produced cement, 21.26 liters of water were consumed.

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